Architecture

The BitAcross protocol is built to ensure security, decentralization, and efficient cross-chain communication, leveraging advanced technologies like Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) and Trusted Execution Environments (TEE). Here's an overview of its key components:

BitAcross Network

The BitAcross network forms the backbone of the protocol, providing a secure and decentralized platform for transactions.

Consensus Layer

The consensus Layer composed of nodes that ensure public auditability and data integrity. It supports Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) smart contracts, thereby facilitating versatile blockchain applications. Its design guarantees that the protocol remains live and functional without centralized control, ensuring that transactions and state updates comply with the application logic.

Security Layer

Operating under the consensus of the BitAcross network, the security layer is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data. It comprises TEE enclaves that securely store information and require consensus from the BitAcross network for any logic updates. This decentralized operation ensures a robust and tamper-resistant security infrastructure.

Trusted Execution Layer

This layer includes a Bitcoin vault that can processes transactions on the Bitcoin network. It operates under the directives of TEE nodes in the security layer, with credentials for the Bitcoin vault decentralized and protected by the security layer. The use of cold wallets for PSBT and multi-signature signing adds an extra layer of security for transactions.

Relayers

The permissionless Relayers plays a vital role in ensuring the finality and integrity of cross-chain transactions. It uses ZK proofs to relay messages and transaction information between the original and destination chains. Relayers, functioning similarly to validators in other blockchains, maintain light clients of both chains to facilitate this process. Then are incentivized by part of the transaction fees and are bind with mechanisms to penalize relayers for delays or inaccuracies in submitting proofs.

This architecture positions the BitAcross protocol as a cutting-edge solution in the realm of blockchain interoperability, particularly for Bitcoin-based assets, addressing key challenges of security, decentralization, and cross-chain transaction efficiency.